Liquid Instruments Knowledge Base

How to match channel scale settings in the Oscilloscope

Published July 13th, 2021 by Paul Cracknell

To rapidly set all channels in the Oscilloscope to use the same scaling : Tap to select a trace and set the scale to best match your signal. In iPad app, hold down on the same trace to open the channel menu; In Desktop app, right click the trace to open the channel menu. Select "Sync channel scales" to map the same settings to other channels. After

How do I adjust the sampling rate of the oscilloscope?

Published December 22nd, 2020 by Paul Cracknell

The sampling rate of the oscilloscopeis set automatically based on the timebase. The current sampling rate is displayed at the bottom of the 'Timebase' pane on the right-hand side. To get a specific sampling rate, you can adjust the timebase until the displayed sampling rate reaches the desired value. Please note if the 'Precision mode' is selected

What file formats does the Moku:Lab Arbitrary Waveform Generator support ?

Published December 22nd, 2020 by Paul Cracknell

The Moku:Lab's Arbitrary Waveform Generator can upload files from SD card, MyFiles or the iPad's clipboard in a comma- or newline- delimited text. The text values will be normalized to a range of -1 -> +1; then scaled to the desired amplitude and offset.

Python Spectrum analyzer 'Max hold' function

Published December 22nd, 2020 by Paul Cracknell

How can I create a 'Max Hold' in Python on the Moku's Spectrum Analyzer The Moku's Spectrum Analyzer includes a math channel on both the iPad and Windows app. This math channel has a useful 'max hold' function. The attached Python script deploys a Spectrum Analyzer instrument, sweeps the frequency and captures this data into Python. Within Python, w

Can Moku:Lab analyze control loops ?

Published December 22nd, 2020 by Paul Cracknell

The Moku:Lab Frequency Response Analyzer is well suited to producing Bode plots for control loop stability and analysis. This application note, "Power Supply Stability" discusses the setup and analysis of the control loop of a linear regulator power supply. Another application note, "Laser Locking with Closed-loop Transfer Function Measurement", dem

How does Moku: app calculate Allan Deviation?

Published December 22nd, 2020 by Paul Cracknell

We have published an application note explaining the Phasemeter's calculations of Allan Deviation Measuring Allan Deviation : A Guide to Allan Deviation with Moku:Lab's Phasemeter

How to change the phase of the demodulation signal in Moku Lock-In Amplifier

Published July 13th, 2021 by Paul Cracknell

Moku Lock-In Amplifier uses dual-phase demodulation to determine the X and Y components of a signal. The phase of the demodulation signal can be shifted in Python by adjusting the demodulation signal properties. This example demonstrates how the demodulation signal phase can be adjusted. # # Moku example: Phase change in Moku Lock-In Amplifier #

How do I find the serial number of a Moku ?

Published December 22nd, 2020 by Paul Cracknell

For all Mokus, the serial number can be located within the Moku: app or on a printed label on the bottom surface of each Moku. Moku desktop app Right click on the Moku icon -> Device info -> Serial Number Moku iPad app Tap and hold the Moku icon to reveal the serial number Printed Label Printed labels are located on the bottom surface of eac

Power supply for Moku:Lab

Published July 13th, 2021 by Paul Cracknell

Moku:Lab power supply is 12v, 20W typical and up to 30W when charging an external device via the USB type A port. Moku:Lab is supplied with a 100-240V power module, model CINCON Electronics TRG45A120, rated at 45W. This provides the 12v DC via a 5.5mm DC jack, centre positive.

Python: Frequency Response Analyzer (basic)

Published December 22nd, 2020 by Paul Cracknell

Example Python script to implement the Frequency Response Analyzer (basic) # # Moku example: Basic Frequency Response Analyzer # # This example demonstrates how you can generate output sweeps using the # Frequency Response Analyzer instrument, and view one frame of the transfer # function data. # # (c) 2023 Liquid Instruments Pty. Ltd. # from moku.i

How do I generate waveforms on the Moku analog outputs while running the Spectrum Analyzer?

Published December 22nd, 2020 by Paul Cracknell

The Moku Spectrum Analyzer can be configured to generate two independent sine waves up to 500 MHz each on the Moku analog outputs. Device Number of outputs Frequency Moku:Pro 4 500 MHz Moku:Lab 2 250 MHz Moku:Go 2 20 MHz In the iPad App, open the instrument Configuration Panel by tapping on the settings icon (located on the top-right corner of th

Using Python to generate arbitrary waveforms while observing the output signal

Published December 22nd, 2020 by Paul Cracknell

Python implementation of Arbitrary Waveform Generator and oscilloscope Moku's Arbitrary Waveform Generator (AWG) can be deployed within Python to drive output signals. At the same time, the Python AWG can be used as an oscilloscope to view the output signal. In order to do so, you would need to loop back output 1 to input 1. This is implemented in t

How do I update my Moku firmware?

Published December 22nd, 2020 by Paul Cracknell

Moku firmware can be updated from either the iPad or desktop app. Liquid Instruments continuously adds improvements to both the Moku app and the Moku firmware. It is recommended to update to the latest releases. When a firmware update is available, there will be an orange exclamation indicator next to the Moku icon. This typically happens after a ne

How much current can Moku:Lab source and sink?

Published December 22nd, 2020 by Paul Cracknell

Moku:Lab is able to source and sink 20 mA. The output amplifiers in particular is capable of sourcing and sinking 100 mA.

Does the Lock-in Amplifier include a PID controller for feedback applications?

Published December 22nd, 2020 by Paul Cracknell

Yes! A user-configurable PID controller is integrated into the Lock-in Amplifier signal processing chain. To enable the PID controller, tap the Configuration icon on the top right corner and you can add the PID controller to the main output or auxiliary output depending on your configuration. For more advanced applications, the Lock-in Amplifier can

How to remove drift in Phasemeter measurement

Published December 22nd, 2020 by Paul Cracknell

Moku uses a digitally implemented phase-locked loop architecture to measure the phase, frequency, and amplitude of a signal. If you are seeing an unexpected and constant drift in your phase measurement, it can be due to frequency settings at the output or the input side. You can adjust Moku's Phasemeter with the following settings to remove drift. O

How do I track a peak in Spectrum Analyzer?

Published December 22nd, 2020 by Paul Cracknell

iPad App To track a peak, simply drag out a new marker from the ruler button at the bottom right corner. Track multiple peaks on a single channel by dragging markers directly to the peaks you want. The Measurements Panel is also marker-aware. Make measurements based on a marker’s characteristics such as amplitude, frequency, 3 dB width and SNR, or e

How to download the Moku instrument bitstreams for APIs

Published October 24th, 2024 by Paul Cracknell

In order to use the Python or MATLAB Moku APIs, you need to download the instrument bitstream that match the firmware of the Moku. Python moku download --fw_ver=600 MATLAB moku_download(fw_ver) How to determine the Moku firmware version ? You can determine the firmware version of your Moku in several ways How to find Moku device infor

How do I access Moku:Pro's internal SSD ?

Published February 2nd, 2022 by Paul Cracknell

Many of the Moku:Pro instruments, for example the Datalogger, Lock-in Amplifier, Digital Filter Box and PID Controller integrate the ability to log data to the Moku:Pro's internal SSD storage. You can access a list of Moku data files at <moku.ip.address>/api/ssd/list and then downloaded by : <moku.ip.address>/api/ssd/download/<filena

Can I add an offset to the oscillator or scan output in laser lock box?

Published July 13th, 2021 by Paul Cracknell

The output offset affects both the PID and scan/oscillator output. Offsets to the oscillator and scan signal can be added through the output offset.

The Lock-in Amplifier can provide rectangular co-ordinate outputs, X and Y. What about polar R and theta?

Published December 22nd, 2020 by Paul Cracknell

Moku Lock-in Amplifiers can provide rectangular (X-Y) outputs, or polar (R-theta) outputs. Simply tap or click the Rectangular or Polar co-ordinates icon to change the output coordinates.

Can I set a lower corner frequency for the lowpass filter in the laser lock box?

Published July 12th, 2021 by Paul Cracknell

Moku:Lab laser lock box uses a 2-stage second-order IIR filter. In the iPad app, the filter defaults to 1-stage or 2-stage second-order filter only. As we have a limited number of bits during the calculation, this limited us to a ~1 kHz corner. In order to get a filter with a lower corner frequency, it is possible to manually load a 2-stage first-or

Can the Lock-in Amplifier output a signal drive a modulator?

Published December 22nd, 2020 by Paul Cracknell

Yes! This is a common use case, though depending on your application it may be covered better by using the Laser Lock Box instrument. The Lock-in Amplifier instrument has two outputs. Output 1 is designated for the demodulated signal output (X, Y, R, or Theta). Output 2 can output either a demodulated signal (Y or Theta), the local oscillator, or an

Is internet access required to use Moku devices?

Published December 22nd, 2020 by Paul Cracknell

You can use Moku devices on a network without any internet connection, with no limitations. The Moku app can connect to Moku devices by wired ethernet or wirelessly via wifi. If there are restrictions on the use of network connections, the Moku app can also connect via a wired USB connection. The only instances when you would need an internet connec

Can I connect to a Moku directly by IP address?

Published December 22nd, 2020 by Paul Cracknell

Directly connect to a Moku via its network IP address If your Moku is connected to a wired ethernet or wireless wifi network, you can connect to it directly even if it is not automatically discovered. This is useful if your network configuration doesn't allow for automatic discovery, such as when you're connecting over some types of VPN. iPad In the

Moku contains an FPGA. Can I access the FPGA to execute my own code?

Published December 22nd, 2020 by Paul Cracknell

Access the FPGA to execute code or design custom instruments Moku Cloud Compile allows you to write custom HDL code and deploy it to your Moku device. This can be used to develop custom functions, unique signal processing algorithms or instruments. Read more about Moku Cloud Compile and get started today : https://www.liquidinstruments.com/moku-clo

How do I locate my Moku in a lab with many Mokus?

Published December 22nd, 2020 by Paul Cracknell

How to find a specific Moku within a lab In a lab with several Mokus, it is possible to lose track of which Moku you are controlling on the iPad. The colored LEDs on Moku:Lab and Moku:Pro make device identification easy. Go to "select your device". Each Moku on your local network will be displayed outlined with a colored circle with the color matchi

Stimulated Raman Scattering Microscopy

Published December 22nd, 2020 by Paul Cracknell

The Moku Lock-in Amplifier is well suited to Rama scattering microscopy. The Raman effect was first discovered in the 1920s by C.V. Raman. It is a widely used spectroscopic method to determine the vibrational modes of molecules. In this application note, we describe how Moku:Lab’s Lock-in Amplifier is implemented in a state-of-art stimulated Raman i

Can you stream data to the computer for real-time calculations?

Published December 22nd, 2020 by Paul Cracknell

Streaming real time data You can stream real-time data over a wired or WiFi network directly to a PC. We have several examples of streaming from the Data Logger : Python : https://liquidinstruments.helpjuice.com/141109-python-examples/python:-data-logger-(streaming) MATLAB : https://liquidinstruments.helpjuice.com/141112-matlab-examples/matlab-data-

How to connect to Moku with the Windows or macOS App

Published December 22nd, 2020 by Paul Cracknell

To discover and connect to a Moku from the desktop App (Windows or macOS), the Moku needs to be connected to the same network as your computer; OR alternatively, connected via USB. If the Moku firmware has recently been updated; you may need to power cycle the Moku in order for it to be discoverable on an ethernet network. There is more information

How to improve the resolution bandwidth in spectrum analyzer?

Published December 22nd, 2020 by Paul Cracknell

The minimum resolution bandwidth (RBW) is correlated with the measurement span. The narrower the span, the finer the minimum RBW. To get the best RBW, please monitor the signal with the minimal spectrum range.

Moku Cloud Compile - getting started

Published November 12th, 2024 by Paul Cracknell

Moku Cloud Compile (MCC) allows users to deploy custom function to the Moku. MCC is available for all users on Moku:Go, Moku:Lab and Moku:Pro. MCC Getting Started Guide Moku Cloud Compile Getting Started MATLAB & Simulink c Combing MCC with MathWorks HDLCoder users can deploy models and custom functions. There is a 2 part tutorial MCC MA

Frequency Response Analyzer and harmonics

Published December 22nd, 2020 by Paul Cracknell

Yes, the Moku Frequency Response (FRA) can analyze up to the 15th harmonic of the fundamental swept sine. This can be useful for active systems, non linear systems or electrochemical or biological applications. The harmonic setting is under the 'Advanced' tab. In the first video, we have attached a MiniCircuits MK-3 frequency doubler. On the initial

What's the difference between the spectrum analyzer and oscilloscope FFT?

Published December 22nd, 2020 by Paul Cracknell

Moku:Lab spectrum analyzer is considered as a 'real-time' spectrum analyzer. It is using a super heterodyne down-converts the signal once according to the frequency window and then performs an FFT. This ensures the instrument has a higher spectral resolution while maintaining a reasonable measurement speed. Detailed explanation can be found in this

Can I control more than one Moku device within the same MATLAB script?

Published December 22nd, 2020 by Paul Cracknell

You can connect to and control multiple Moku devices in the same script. In this example we deploy an Oscilloscope on Moku #1 and a Lock-In Amplifier on Moku #2. Each Moku can then be controlled independently. %% MATLAB : Multi Moku Example % % This example demonstrates how you can configure and control % multiple Moku devices at the same time %

How do I know if my Moku app is up to date?

Published December 22nd, 2020 by Paul Cracknell

Latest version of Windows and macOS app The latest version of the Moku app is always available on our website. You will also be notified for updates in the app. A red dot will appear in the notification bell icon when a new version of the app is available. For the iPad app, the latest app will be in the Apple App store.

Python: Spectrum Analyzer

Published December 22nd, 2020 by Paul Cracknell

Example Python script to implement the Spectrum Analyzer For more Python examples, please refer to this link. # # moku example: Plotting Spectrum Analyzer # # This example demonstrates how you can configure the Spectrum Analyzer # instrument and plot its spectrum data in real-time. # # (c) 2021 Liquid Instruments Pty. Ltd. # import logging import m

How to connect Moku:Lab via USB in Windows

Published December 22nd, 2020 by Paul Cracknell

For Moku:Lab with firmware 580 and later, simply connect a micro USB cable between the Moku:Lab and your Windows PC. No further driver download is required; the Moku: app will automatically detected the Moku:Lab on the USB port. Connect a USB cable between the Moku:Lab micro B data port and your PC Open Moku: app, the Moku:Lab device should show up

What is the triggered sweep mode?

Published December 22nd, 2020 by Paul Cracknell

Sweep mode is a feature of the Waveform Generator instrument that changes the waveform frequency linearly over time. This is sometimes called a "chirp". The start of this sweep can happen automatically ("Internal" trigger), or in response to an event. When a trigger occurs, either automatically or in response to an event, waveform generation will be

Can I adjust the corner frequency of the low-pass filter in the Laser Lock Box?

Published December 22nd, 2020 by Paul Cracknell

Yes! The Laser Lock Box's low-pass filter corner frequency can be tuned to the ranges displayed below: Laser Lock Box: Lowpass Filter Moku:Lab Moku:Go Moku:Pro Minimum Corner Frequency 1.040 kHz 260.1 Hz 2.601 kHz Maximum Corner Frequency 14.06 MHz 3.516 MHz 35.16 MHz You can also select different filter types including Butterworth, Chebyshev I &

How do I get started with Moku:Lab instruments?

Published December 22nd, 2020 by Paul Cracknell

Accessing instrument tutorials Basic tutorials for each instrument are available in the Moku app. To access these tutorials, deploy the desired instrument and press the main menu button at the top left of the screen, then select “Show Help”. You can also find instrument user manuals here.

How does the 'Load'/'Term' affect the Waveform Generator?

Published December 22nd, 2020 by Paul Cracknell

Moku:Lab and Moku:Pro Waveform Generators have fixed 50 Ω load resistors. When you connect the output to a 50 Ω device, the output voltage distributes to the internal load and external load equally. When you connect the output to a high-z device, most of the voltage distributes to the external load. Changing the 'Load'/'Term' on the user interface d

Moku Spectrum Analyzer 3-D time series (waterfall view)

Published December 22nd, 2020 by Paul Cracknell

How do I visualize the time series of the spectrum? The Moku Spectrum Analyzer has a unique time series 'waterfall' view. In the iPad app, touch and hold on the main signal display and select 'Waterfall view'. This feature is available on iPad and visionOS only. Your browser does not support HTML5 video.

Python: Digital Filter Box (basic)

Published December 22nd, 2020 by Paul Cracknell

Example Python script to implement the Digital Filter Box (basic) # # Moku example: Plotting Digital Filter Box # # This example demonstrates how you can configure the Digital # Filter Box instrument to filter and display two signals. Filter # 1 takes its input from Input1 and applies a lowpass Butterworth # filter. Filter 2 takes its input from Inp

Python: FIR Filter Builder

Published December 22nd, 2020 by Paul Cracknell

Example Python script to implement the FIR Filter Builder # # Moku example: Basic FIR Filter Builder # # This example demonstrates how to run the FIR Filter Box and configure its # individual filter channel coefficients. # # (c) 2024 Liquid Instruments Pty. Ltd. # from moku.instruments import FIRFilterBox # The following two example arrays are simpl

iPad app cannot find Moku:Lab

Published May 27th, 2021 by Paul Cracknell

From iPadOS 14, Apple has introduced new app privacy controls. The user has enhanced control over apps and the services to which they have access. Apps are required to gain user permission to access local network resources. The Moku iPad app needs local network access to locate and operate the Moku:Lab. If your iPad cannot locate your Moku:Lab, plea

Moku Waveform Generator and Amplitude Modulation

Published December 22nd, 2020 by Paul Cracknell

Moku Waveform Generator and Amplitude Modulation Moku's Waveform Generator instrument is a flexible function generator capable of six different forms of modulation: Amplitude Modulation (AM) Frequency Modulation (FM) Phase Modulation (PM) Pulse-Width Modulation (PWM) Burst Sweep Your browser does not support HTML5 video. Here we demonstrate amplitud

How do I generate a custom filter for Moku Laser Lock Box with SciPy?

Published July 13th, 2021 by Paul Cracknell

Moku Laser Lock Box implements a filter upstream of the setpoint and before the signal is split into fast and slow paths. In addition to lowpass and bandstop shapes, it is possible to realise a custom filter with user-provided coefficients. The custom IIR filter is implemented as four cascaded, direct-form I, second-order sections, with a final outp

How does the PID control matrix work?

Published December 22nd, 2020 by Paul Cracknell

The control matrix combines, rescales, and redistributes the input signal to the two independent PID controllers, FIR filters or digital filters. The output vector is the product of the control matrix multiplied by the input vector. For instance, in this configuration, the two inputs are DC signals of 50 mV and 150 mV. Since the first row of the Con

What are my options for triggered burst mode?

Published December 22nd, 2020 by Paul Cracknell

Burst Mode is an option of the Waveform Generator and Arbitrary Waveform Generator instruments that starts and stops the generation of a signal based on a trigger. It has three behaviors that can be selected: Start mode: start generating a signal from a trigger event. N cycle mode: output a predefined number of periods for a given signal. Gated mode

How do you adjust the input gain or invert the PID input?

Published December 22nd, 2020 by Paul Cracknell

The control matrix can be used to multiply the input by a factor of -20 to 20 with an increment of 0.1 (-10, 10), or 1 [-20, 10]∪[10, 20]. This can be effectively used to apply input gain, or invert the input. For instance, the signal can be scaled down by setting the first element in the Control matrix to 0.1. As a result, the 49.992 mV input signa

How can I invert my controller's response?

Published December 22nd, 2020 by Paul Cracknell

To invert your PID Controller's response you can enter negative values into the 'Control matrix' to invert one or both input signals. For the integrated PID controllers in Lock-in Amplifier and Laser Lock Box, there is an 'invert' button to invert the output voltage.

How to access multiple controls on the instrument display

Published December 22nd, 2020 by Paul Cracknell

For several of the instruments in the Moku iPadOS app, you can drag settings panels onto the main display to become floating control panels. Tap, hold, and drag the desired settings panel to somewhere on your display. To edit items in floating control panel, double tap the header and select or deselect certain settings to display. Double-tap the hea

How can I upload custom waveforms from the iPad?

Published December 22nd, 2020 by Paul Cracknell

Custom waveform upload to Moku:Lab's Arbitrary Waveform Generator You can load custom (arbitrary) waveforms from your iPad’s clipboard, the “Files app”, or choose from files saved directly on Moku:Lab’s SD card. Files formatted with comma- or newline-delimited text are supported.

How can I plot the ratio of input 1 and input 2 using the Moku Frequency Response Analyzer?

Published December 22nd, 2020 by Paul Cracknell

By default, each channel shows the ratio of the input to the output, In / Out. This is useful for measuring the transfer function of a device under test. The math channel allows you to plot different combinations of Ch 1 and Ch 2. If the output amplitudes of both channels are set to the same value, then viewing the math channel as Ch 1 / Ch 2 will s

How do I adjust the sensitivity of the Lock-in Amplifier?

Published December 22nd, 2020 by Paul Cracknell

While some instruments have a direct sensitivity setting, the Moku Lock-in Amplifier does not have a sensitivity setting. Instead, you can adjust the output gain to achieve a similar effect. Sensitivity determines how the Lock-in Amplifier maps the input level to the output level. For example, a 1 mVpp sinusoidal signal is mapped to a 0.25 mV DC sig

Moku disappeared from network

Published October 23rd, 2024 by Paul Cracknell

In some situations, after a firmware update, the Moku app will not be able to immediately discover a Moku on an ethernet network. The resolution is simple : power cycle the Moku, it will then become discoverable on the network.

MATLAB: Frequency Response Analyzer

Published December 22nd, 2020 by Paul Cracknell

Example MATLAB script to implement the Frequency Response Analyzer For more MATLAB examples, please refer to this link. %% Basic Frequency Response Analyzer Example % % This example demonstrates how you can generate output sweeps using the % Frequency Response Analyzer instrument and retrieve a single sweep frame. % % (c) 2021 Liquid Instruments Pt

When is the FIR preferred over the Digital Filter Box?

Published December 22nd, 2020 by Paul Cracknell

For many applications, the FIR and digital filter (IIR) can be used interchangeably. However, they do have a few key differences: FIR filters have a linear phase response. They create minimal signal distortions in the time domain. IIR filters are computationally inexpensive compared to FIR filters. The propagation delay is typically shorter. FIR fil

How to adjust the plot scale in the Desktop App instruments?

Published December 22nd, 2020 by Paul Cracknell

Desktop app axis scale adjustment In the Desktop app for Windows and macOS, to adjust the y-axis scale: click to select the trace to zoom, then hover the cursor above the plot and scroll up to zoom in and scroll down to zoom out. To adjust the x-scale: hover the cursor above the plot, hold down Ctrl key, then scroll up to zoom in and scroll down to

MATLAB: Oscilloscope (plotting)

Published December 22nd, 2020 by Paul Cracknell

Example MATLAB script to implement the Oscilloscope (plotting) For more MATLAB examples, please refer to this link. %% Plotting Oscilloscope Example % % This example demonstrates how you can configure the Oscilloscope instrument, % and view triggered time-voltage data frames in real-time. % % (c) 2024 Liquid Instruments Pty. Ltd. % %% Connect to

How do I configure Moku for 100:1 High Voltage probes

Published February 26th, 2021 by Paul Cracknell

100:1 probes are commonly used to measure higher voltages. Such probes have a 100 MΩ impedance and thus divide the measured voltage by a factor of 100 when used with the 1 MΩ input impedance option on Moku devices. The Moku Oscilloscope incorporates a probe scale factor to display the measured signal with the correct scale; tap on the 'Probe' scali

MATLAB: IIR Filter Box (plotting)

Published December 22nd, 2020 by Paul Cracknell

Example MATLAB script to implement the IIR Filter Box (plotting) % % Python moku example: Plotting Digital Filter Box % % This example demonstrates how you can configure the Digital % Filter Box instrument to filter and display two signals. Filter % 1 takes its input from Input1 and applies a lowpass Butterworth % filter. Filter 2 takes its input fr

How to switch instruments in the Windows App?

Published December 22nd, 2020 by Paul Cracknell

To return to the main instrument menu in the Windows App, click the back arrow on the top left corner. A new instrument can now be launched from the menu.

Can I measure the phase or frequency difference between two input channels?

Published December 22nd, 2020 by Paul Cracknell

Yes! When two or more input channels are enabled, a Math channel with the difference between two channels is available. You can also plot the Math channel alongside Channels 1 and 2 in the Timeseries and Spectral Analysis plots. To enable the Math channel in the iPad app, scroll down on the Channels tab and turn the orange Math channel on. Tap the i

MATLAB: Phasemeter

Published December 22nd, 2020 by Paul Cracknell

Example MATLAB script to implement the Phasemeter For more MATLAB examples, please refer to this link. %% Basic Phasemeter Example % % This example demonstrates how you can configure the Phasemeter % instrument to measure 4 independent signals. % % (c) 2022 Liquid Instruments Pty. Ltd. % %% Connect to your Moku % Connect to your Moku and deploy t

How can I read data from .li files?

Published December 22nd, 2020 by Paul Cracknell

The Data Logger can create files in a .LI format; this is a fast and compressed format. The LI File Converter can be used to convert binary data from a .li file into plain text data in .CSV (comma-separated values) format, or to a MATLAB .mat file. You can download the LI File Converter on the utilities page. The LI File Converter is also built into

Python: Waveform Generator (modulation)

Published December 22nd, 2020 by Paul Cracknell

Example Python script to implement the Waveform Generator with modulation For more Python examples, please refer to this link. # # Moku example: Waveform Generator Modulation # # This example demonstrates how you can use the Waveform Generator instrument # to generate an amplitude modulated sine wave on Channel 1, and a sweep # modulated sine wave o

IEC/ISO 17025 calibration: which instruments does it cover?

Published December 22nd, 2020 by Paul Cracknell

Calibration covers all Moku:Lab and Moku:Pro instruments Calibration is performed on the hardware and encompasses all Moku:Lab and Moku:Pro instruments. What happens if I buy Moku:Lab with 17025 calibration, and then later purchase an additional instrument for the same hardware? Do I need to recalibrate? There is no need for recalibration for new in

Using the Frequency Response analyzer to measure impedance (inductance)

Published December 22nd, 2020 by Paul Cracknell

The Moku Frequency Response Analyzer provides a simple and accurate way to measure the response, or impedance, of an inductor over frequency. The below application notes cover this topic, including capturing the response data to a CSV file and plotting the impedance versus frequency, then comparing it to the component data-sheet A guide to measuring

Python: Oscilloscope

Published December 22nd, 2020 by Paul Cracknell

Example Python script to implement the Oscilloscope For more Python examples, please refer to this link. # # Moku example: Basic Oscilloscope # # This script demonstrates how to use the Oscilloscope instrument # to retrieve a single frame of dual-channel voltage data. # # (c) 2023 Liquid Instruments Pty. Ltd. # from moku.instruments import Oscillosc

How do I convert Ki, Kp, Kd to crossover frequencies or vice versa?

Published July 12th, 2021 by Paul Cracknell

The integrator or differentiator crossover frequencies are the frequencies where the integrator or differentiator gain is equal to the proportional gain (or 1 in cases when the proportional gain is not enabled). For the integrator, the gain is inversely proportional to frequency. For the differentiator, the gain is proportional to frequency. With 0

Are there any LabVIEW examples available?

Published December 22nd, 2020 by Paul Cracknell

LabVIEW instrument examples We have a full set of examples to help you get started using LabVIEW API with your Moku. You can find the LabVIEW API installation instructions here : https://apis.liquidinstruments.com/starting-labview.html Full examples can be viewed in LabVIEW by selecting 'Find examples from the Help menu. In the NI Example Finder se

Python: Spectrum Analyzer (plotting)

Published December 22nd, 2020 by Paul Cracknell

Example Python script to implement the Spectrum Analyzer (plotting) This example Python script shows how to setup Moku:Lab's Spectrum Analyzer instrument and how to plot the data in real time. This example is not compatible with Moku:Pro. # # moku example: Plotting Spectrum Analyzer # # This example demonstrates how you can configure the Spectrum An

Moku status LED color guide

Published December 22nd, 2020 by Paul Cracknell

Once your Moku is fully booted, the LEDs on the front of the device represents the current network status or power status. Moku:Go There is only one LED on Moku:Go and there is no power button. Moku:Go should power on automatically once the magnetic power adapter is connected. The LED colors on Moku:Go indicate the power status and the firmware upda

How do I install the LabVIEW API?

Published December 22nd, 2020 by Paul Cracknell

Download the package from the LabVIEW API page and double-click to begin the installation process. The package is installed using the JKI VI Package Manager (VIPM). This is a community tool that manages LabVIEW Add-ons and typically installs with LabVIEW. The VIPM Desktop App can also be downloaded here . Once installed, an entry entitled “Liqui

What is ISO/IEC 17025?

Published December 22nd, 2020 by Paul Cracknell

ISO/IEC 17025 calibration standard ISO/IEC 17025 establishes a global standard for instrument calibration and testing. It specifies the general requirements for the competence to carry out tests and/or calibrations. Laboratories use ISO/IEC 17025 to implement a quality system aimed at ensuring their ability to consistently produce valid results and

Do Moku devices reference to earth ground; or do they have floating ground?

Published December 22nd, 2020 by Paul Cracknell

For all Moku devices, the outer shields of the input and output BNC ports are connected to the power supply's ground. Neither inputs or outputs are floating. Moku:Lab is referenced to earth ground when it is plugged into a three-pronged power outlet. Moku:Pro additionally provides a ground bolt on the rear panel.

How is the magnitude in dBm calculated in Moku:Lab’s Frequency Response Analyzer?

Published December 22nd, 2020 by Paul Cracknell

The Frequency Response Analyzer (FRA) provides response plots of magnitude and phase. While the phase is expressed in degrees, the magnitude is expressed in terms of dBm power. This is a log scale of power expressed in dB relative to 1 milliWatt. How is this magnitude in dBm calculated in Moku:Lab’s FRA? Let us take a simple example. We will set the

How do I export measured data from my Moku?

Published December 22nd, 2020 by Paul Cracknell

Sharing saved data logs Data that has been recorded in the Data Logger can be exported from the icon at the top of the instrument, or from the File Manager in the main instrument menu. From this window, you can download files that have been saved on to the device, and optionally convert them to CSV, HDF5, MATLAB, or Numpy formats. Saving and shari

MATLAB: Lock-in Amplifier (plotting)

Published December 22nd, 2020 by Paul Cracknell

Example MATLAB script to implement the Lock-in Amplifier (plotting) %% Plotting Lock-in Amplifier Example % % This example demonstrates how you can configure the Lock-in Amplifier % instrument to demodulate an input signal from Input 1 with the reference % signal from the Local Oscillator to extract the X component and generate % a sine wave on

What's the difference between external and external (PLL) mode?

Published December 22nd, 2020 by Paul Cracknell

External: The External mode directly multiplies the signals from input 1 and input 2, which is particularly useful when the modulation signal is not sinusoidal. For instance, if the modulation signal is a low-duty-cycle pulse, direct multiplication significantly enhances the demodulation spectral coverage compared to sinusoidal demodulations. Howeve

MATLAB: PID controller

Published December 22nd, 2020 by Paul Cracknell

Example MATLAB script to implement the PID Controller (plotting) %% Plotting PID Controller Example% % This example demonstrates how you can configure the PID Controller instrument, % and view triggered time-voltage data frames in real-time. % % (c) 2021 Liquid Instruments Pty. Ltd. % % Connect to your Moku and deploy the PID controller instrumen

How to connect my Moku to a WiFi network for the first time

Published December 22nd, 2020 by Paul Cracknell

Initial set up of Moku WiFi connection When your Moku is powered on for the first time, it will be in its factory default state, broadcasting a Wireless Access Point with both USB and Ethernet enabled. (Moku:Go M0 and M1 models don't have an Ethernet port.) To start configuring your Moku, you can either connect to its Access Point or use a USB cable

Can I adjust amplitude of Moku:Lab's or Moku:Pro's output reference clock ?

Published December 22nd, 2020 by Paul Cracknell

Moku:Lab and Moku:Pro output reference clock at 10MHz Moku:Lab and Moku:Pro provides a reference clock output on the rear panel. This can be used to synchronize to other items of lab test and measurement equipment. Moku:Lab's clock output is fixed at 10 MHz, -3 dBm (50ohms) or 500 mVpp. Moku:Pro's output is fixed at 10 MHz, 1.4 Vpp. However, many o

What are the definitions of the Oscilloscope's measurements?

Published December 22nd, 2020 by Paul Cracknell

Frequency Frequency of the signal as determined by the time between rising or falling edges Phase Phase of strongest frequency component with respect to a perfect sine wave Period Time between pairs of rising or falling edges Duty Cycle Ratio of the time spent above the median to that spent below it Pulse Width Time the signal spends above the media

Can I save instrument settings in the Windows App?

Published July 12th, 2021 by Paul Cracknell

Yes, you can! To save the current setting of the instrument, click the menu icon on the top left corner of the window, select Instrument -> Save/recall settings -> Save instrument state. You can also use keyboard shortcut Ctrl + S to save. You can reset your instrument to the saved state by clicking the menu icon on the top left corner of the

Web browser access to Moku data logs

Published December 22nd, 2020 by Paul Cracknell

How can I access Moku datalogs? Many Moku instruments can log data to either the internal memory or, for Moku:Lab, to an SD card. The Moku app can be used to download these data logs using the in-built file manager. The datalogs can also be accessed via a web browser and are located at : Moku:Lab SD card at : http://moku.ip.address>/media/ Moku:G

Can I use Moku via VPN?

Published July 13th, 2021 by Paul Cracknell

You can remotely access, control, and configure Moku devices via VPN from the Moku app or APIs. To connect to your Moku once you have access to the correct VPN, enter the Moku app and select the settings icon. Select manual connection under "Device". Enter the IP address of the Moku connected to your network and connect.

MATLAB Data Logger and saving the logfile

Published December 22nd, 2020 by Paul Cracknell

How do I access the log file from MATLAB The Moku Datalogger can be configured and launched from within a MATLAB script. Once the log file is captured it can be downloaded over the network to the MATLAB PC for local analysis. This MATLAB script is an example of how to create and download the log file remotely. %% Basic Datalogger Example % % This e

How to change the name of a Moku?

Published December 22nd, 2020 by Paul Cracknell

Identify a Moku by name Assigning unique names to Moku: devices is especially useful when there are multiple Moku: devices on the same network. This way it is easy to identify individual Moku devices. You can set or change the name of a Moku in the Moku app iPad App Launch the iPad App. Tap on the Moku you would like to name. Tap the gear icon at th

Python: PID controller (plotting)

Published December 22nd, 2020 by Paul Cracknell

Example Python script to implement the PID controller (plotting) For more Python examples, please refer to this link. # # Moku example: PID Controller Plotting Example # # This script demonstrates how to configure both PID Controllers # in the PID Controller instrument. Configuration on the Channel 1 # PID is done by specifying frequency response ch

How do you adjust the setpoint in PID controller?

Published December 22nd, 2020 by Paul Cracknell

The setpoint of Moku PID Controller is controlled by the input offset. The error signal is offset by the value user entered here. This effectively make the setpoint be negative input offset. For example, to control the input signal level at 100 mV, the input offset should be set to -100 mV. As a result, the PID controller's input signal will be 0 wh

Python: Lock-in Amplifier

Published December 22nd, 2020 by Paul Cracknell

Example Python script to implement the Lock-in Amplifier # # Moku example: Basic Lock-in Amplifier # # This example demonstrates how you can configure the Lock-in Amplifier # instrument to demodulate an input signal from Input 1 with the reference # signal from the Local Oscillator to extract the X component and generate # a sine wave on the auxilia

Python: Waveform Generator (triggered)

Published December 22nd, 2020 by Paul Cracknell

Example Python script to implement the Waveform Generator with trigger # # Moku example: Waveform Generator Triggering # # This example demonstrates how you can use the Waveform Generator instrument # to generate a gated sinewave on Channel 1, and a swept frequency squarewave # on Channel 2. # # (c) 2024 Liquid Instruments Pty. Ltd. # from moku.inst

Python: Arbitrary Waveform Generator

Published December 22nd, 2020 by Paul Cracknell

Example Python script to implement the Arbitrary Waveform Generator To observe the burst-modulated behavior of the signal on Channel 2, it is recommended to connect a 2 kHz Square wave to Input 1 of your Moku # # moku example: Arbitrary Waveform Generator # # This example demonstrates how you can generate and output arbitrary # waveforms using the M

Measuring impedance with Moku:Go (part 1)

Published June 30th, 2023 by Paul Cracknell

These two Python scripts accompany the application note “Measuring Impedance with Moku:Go, part 1, resistance”. One port method # moku example: Single-Port Impedance Test # # This example demonstrates how you can take an impedance of a device under # test using the single-port method # # Initializing the Instrument and Functions from moku.instrume

How do I demodulate a signal at a higher harmonic with an external reference?

Published March 24th, 2021 by Paul Cracknell

Moku Lock-in Amplifiers implement a digital Phase-Locked-Loop (PLL) which allows tracking of an external reference signal. The PLL provides in-phase ('I') and quadrature ('Q') outputs to enable dual phase demodulation. The PLL allows a manual setting of the reference frequency and also an automatic mode which will acquire the strongest harmonic in t

What version of iOS / iPadOS do I need?

Published December 22nd, 2020 by Paul Cracknell

iOS / iPadOS requirements for Moku:Lab iPad app The minimum iOS version requirement for the Moku:Lab App is iOS 9.0.

How to connect to the access point of Moku?

Published December 22nd, 2020 by Paul Cracknell

Connecting to your Moku's WiFi access point Each Moku is equipped with an onboard WiFi access point, which is useful for initial device setup and instrument control without the need for Ethernet or any other WiFi network. Your Moku will have the access point turned on by default. However, if you have turned off the access point, please refer to this

Moku Laser Lock Box : Continuous or Pulsed Lasers

Published December 22nd, 2020 by Paul Cracknell

The Moku Laser Lock Box instrument is designed to stabilize the frequency of continuous-wave lasers. The Laser Lock Box user manuals can be downloaded here : Moku:Pro Laser Lock Box Moku:Lab Laser Lock Box Moku:Go Laser Lock Box

How do I calculate the power density spectrum if the measured phase has a constant drift?

Published July 13th, 2021 by Paul Cracknell

In some circumstances, it is not possible to synchronize Moku's onboard clock with the frequency synthesizer in the system, resulting in a constant drift in the measured phase trace. For example, the measured phase is dominated by a 1 Hz drift, obscuring the 1-degree phase modulation. After the windowing process, the windowed time series almost main

What do the different colored buttons mean when configuring a PID controller?

Published December 22nd, 2020 by Paul Cracknell

It is often useful to be able to configure a controller’s transfer function before implementing it. When the ‘P’, ‘I’, ‘D’, ‘I+’, ‘IS’, or ‘DS’ buttons are orange, any changes you make to those parameters will not take effect until you tap the button again and it turns green or purple. This feature is only available for Moku:Lab, Moku:Go, and Moku:

Loading recorded data in Excel

Published December 22nd, 2020 by Paul Cracknell

Moku can save data in .LI and convert it to .CSV format, which can be imported to Excel files for processing and calculations. The LI File Converter can be used to convert binary data from a .li file into plain text data in .CSV (comma-separated values) format, or to a MATLAB .mat file. You can download the LI File Converter on the utilities page.

Python: Frequency Response Analyzer (plotting)

Published December 22nd, 2020 by Paul Cracknell

Example Python script to implement the Frequency Response Analyzer (plotting) # # moku example: Plotting Frequency Response Analyzer # # This example demonstrates how you can generate output sweeps using the # Frequency Response Analyzer instrument, and view transfer function data # in real-time. # # (c) 2024 Liquid Instruments Pty. Ltd. # import ma

Can I indicate where I am touching the iPad’s screen while presenting using Moku:Lab?

Published December 22nd, 2020 by Paul Cracknell

Lecture or group presentations with Moku Yes! Your audience can better follow the presentation by enabling the built-in touch point feature. This is a great way of presenting a lab experiment remotely via a video conference. Your remote audience can see the presenter's interaction with Moku and your experiment while working from home.

Python: Phasemeter

Published December 22nd, 2020 by Paul Cracknell

Example Python script to implement the Phasemeter # # moku example: Basic Phasemeter # # This example demonstrates how you can configure the Phasemeter # instrument to measure 4 independent signals. # # (c) 2024 Liquid Instruments Pty. Ltd. # from moku.instruments import Phasemeter # Connect to your Moku by its ip address using Phasemeter('192.168.#

What laser locking techniques does the Laser Lock Box support?

Published December 22nd, 2020 by Paul Cracknell

The Laser Lock Box supports a number of different locking techniques including Pound-Drever-Hall (PDH) locking, Fringe-side locking, Tilt locking, RF locking, and Dither locking.

How to connect my Moku:Lab to a Windows PC through direct Ethernet cable

Published December 22nd, 2020 by Paul Cracknell

Direct Ethernet connection without a router or switch To connect your Moku:Lab to a Windows PC through Ethernet cable without a router or a switch, you will need to configure the network and assign the Moku:Lab a static IP address. Configuring the PC network: In your PC go into "Settings" -> "Network & Internet" -> "Ethernet" Select "chang

Using Moku with a static IP address

Published December 22nd, 2020 by Paul Cracknell

How can I configure my Moku to use a fixed (static) IP address? Each Moku device can be configured the use a fixed, or static, IP address. This is useful if your network does not have a DHCP server, or if you need to set custom firewall rules to allow the Moku to work properly. It can also make manual connection easier if your network settings do no

Is Moku calibrated?

Published December 22nd, 2020 by Paul Cracknell

Your options for Moku calibration Each Moku model is calibrated at the factory by a Liquid Instruments-approved process to ensure each instrument meets the design specifications. This applies to Moku:Go, Moku:Lab and Moku:Pro. For Moku:Lab and Moku:Pro, Liquid Instruments has partnered with Tektronix to offer optional ISO/IEC 17025 NIST traceable ca

Probe selection for Moku:Lab

Published July 13th, 2021 by Paul Cracknell

Selecting an appropriate probe is an important part of an accurate and efficient measurement system. Moku:Lab is compatible with a wide variety of probes and below is some guideline specification to assist in selecting a passive voltage probe for use with Moku:Lab See also, Probes for Moku:Pro and Probes for Moku:Go Moku:Lab probe guidance Probe

What if my actuator can't take negative voltages?

Published December 22nd, 2020 by Paul Cracknell

Moku Laser Lock Box has output voltage limiters designed for exactly this purpose. You can set arbitrary high and low limits on each output and the control signals will be clamped to these levels, preventing damage to sensitive actuators. For example, in the screenshot below, the limits block is configured with a high limit of 1 Volt and a low limit

How to change the Phasemeter units?

Published December 22nd, 2020 by Paul Cracknell

The Moku phasemeter can display the phase of measured signals in cycles, degrees, and radians; amplitude can be displayed in dBm, Vpp, and Vrms, and frequency in Hz to very high precision. To switch between different units, simply tap or click to cycle through the available options.

How to connect Moku to an existing network via Ethernet

Published December 22nd, 2020 by Paul Cracknell

Ethernet connection setup When Moku powers on for the first time, it will be in its factory default state with the ethernet connection enabled. Simply connect an ethernet cable form your router to Moku's ethernet port to connect it to the network. The Moku will request an IP address via DHCP and will be discoverable to both iPads and the desktop Mok

Getting started using MATLAB

Published December 22nd, 2020 by Paul Cracknell

MATLAB getting started Our MATLAB integration fuses Moku hardware with the computational power of MATLAB. Configure instrument parameters, perform automated data analysis, and generate real-time animations of experimental data, directly from MATLAB. You can download the toolbox from the Add-On Manager as well. For more information, please visit our

What operating systems does Moku support?

Published December 22nd, 2020 by Paul Cracknell

Moku: is available on Windows, macOS, iPadOS and visionOS. Moku APIs are available for Python, MATLAB, LabVIEW, and other programming languages. The APIs can be used on any operating system or environment that is able to use HTTP, including Linux, Raspberry Pi, and even Arduino.

What file formats are supported in the Moku Data Logger instruments?

Published December 22nd, 2020 by Paul Cracknell

The Moku Data Logger instrument logs data to a Liquid Instrument '.li' file format. The '.li' format is easily converted to a variety of formats. In the Moku app (Windows and macOS); the built-in file manager can download and convert to CSV, HDF5, MAT and NumPy formats. In the Moku iPadOS app, the file manager can download and convert to CSV, MATLAB

What is ADC blending on Moku:Pro?

Published February 2nd, 2022 by Paul Cracknell

Moku:Pro incorporates a patented blending scheme to deliver a low noise floor and high dynamic range from 10 Hz to 600 MHz. In test and measurement, flexibility has typically demanded tradeoffs in performance. Liquid Instruments has overcome these tradeoffs by blending signals from a high speed 5 GSa/s, 10 bit ADC and a lower speed 10 MSa/s 18 bit A

How does Moku's Laser Lock Box apply gain to the input?

Published December 22nd, 2020 by Paul Cracknell

The +24 dB and +48 dB input gain on Moku Lase Lock Box is implemented purely digitally. It is designed to reduce quantization error when the FPGA performs the calculation. We recommend using the maximum possible input gain that does not saturate the input signal. Please note the built-in probe points have a fixed bit depth. The quantization error ma

Custom Arbitrary Waveform Generator example

Published December 22nd, 2020 by Paul Cracknell

Example of two channel arbitrary waveform generator This application note ("Arbitrary Waveform Generator Dual Channel Synchronized Pattern Generator for 2d arbitrary beam steering") illustrates the use of MATLAB to generate and upload a calculated waveform to Moku:Lab. The waveform is then displayed in the X-Y mode of the Moku:Lab's oscilloscope.

Can I log to the SD card?

Published December 22nd, 2020 by Paul Cracknell

Logging data to the SD card Moku:Lab has one SD card slot on the rear panel and each Moku:Lab is supplied with one 16 GB class 10 SD card. Other Moku hardware will have locations available for saved files, please refer to your hardware user manual for details. On Moku:Lab, most of the instruments have logging functions that permit logging to the SD

Phase synchronization of output signals across multiple Moku:Labs

Published July 13th, 2021 by Paul Cracknell

There are 2 output channels on Moku:Lab, however, if you would like to generate signals (with synchronized phase) in more than 2 channels, you can connect up multiple Moku:Labs to achieve this. The generated signal is synchronized by triggering the Waveform Generator with the same output signal from the Oscilloscope. This is a step by step guide to

Python: Waveform Generator

Published December 22nd, 2020 by Paul Cracknell

Example Python script to implement the Waveform Generator For more Python examples, please refer to this link. # # Moku example: Waveform Generator Basic # # This example demonstrates how you can use the Waveform Generator # instrument to generate a sinewave on Channel 1 and a squarewave on Channel 2. # # (c) 2023 Liquid Instruments Pty. Ltd. # from

Python: Laser Lock Box (plotting)

Published December 22nd, 2020 by Paul Cracknell

Example Python script to implement the Laser Lock Box (plotting) # # Moku example: Basic Laser Lock Box # # This example demonstrates how you can configure the Laser Lock Box # Instrument and monitor the signals at Input 1 and Input 2. # # (c) 2023 Liquid Instruments Pty. Ltd. # from moku.instruments import LaserLockBox # Launch Laser Lock Box and c

Python: Data Logger (streaming)

Published December 22nd, 2020 by Paul Cracknell

Example Python script to implement the Data Logger (streaming) For more Python examples, please refer to this link. # # Moku example: Basic Datalogger streaming # # This example demonstrates use of the Datalogger instrument to # stream time-series voltage data and plot it using matplotlib # # (c) 2023 Liquid Instruments Pty. Ltd. # import matplotlib

Python: PID controller

Published December 22nd, 2020 by Paul Cracknell

Example Python script to implement the PID controller For more examples, please refer to this link: Moku API # # Moku example: Basic PID Controller # # This script demonstrates how to configure one of the two PID Controllers # in the PID Controller instrument. Configuration is done by specifying # frequency response characteristics of the controller

Are the Moku:Labs protected from over voltage ?

Published December 22nd, 2020 by Paul Cracknell

Over voltage protection on inputs, what is the maximum input voltage? The maximum voltage range for the Moku:Lab inputs is ± 5 volts. Moku:Lab has input protection to reduce the chances of accidental damage. Each input has a sensing circuit that protects it from over voltage events. If a voltage beyond ±7.5 V is present then the inputs will be disco

Can I load my own FIR filter coefficients?

Published December 22nd, 2020 by Paul Cracknell

Firstly, please click on the FIR filter icon to edit the FIR filter. In the FIR filter editor, select "custom" impulse response and then select your coefficient file. After that, the FIR impulse response of the coefficients will be displayed.

Which instruments are currently supported in LabVIEW?

Published December 22nd, 2020 by Paul Cracknell

All instruments are currently supported in LabVIEW. Learn more about the LabVIEW API on our website.

Python: Digital Filter Box (plotting)

Published December 22nd, 2020 by Paul Cracknell

Example Python script to implement the Digital Filter Box (plotting) For more Python examples, please refer to this link. # # Moku example: Plotting Digital Filter Box # # This example demonstrates how you can configure the Digital # Filter Box instrument to filter and display two signals. Filter # 1 takes its input from Input1 and applies a lowpass

Python: Data Logger (basic)

Published December 22nd, 2020 by Paul Cracknell

Example Python script to implement the Data Logger (basic) # # Moku example: Basic Datalogger # # This example demonstrates use of the Datalogger instrument to log time-series # voltage data to a (Binary or CSV) file. # # (c) 2023 Liquid Instruments Pty. Ltd. # import os import time from moku.instruments import Datalogger # Launch Datalogger and con

How does Moku calculate the Power Spectral Density?

Published December 22nd, 2020 by Paul Cracknell

In the Moku Phasemeter, Power Spectral Density (PSD) and Amplitude Spectral Density (ASD) are calculated using Welch’s method of overlapping periodograms with a 50% overlap and a Hanning window. The number of points is either 512, 1024, or 2048 depending on the sampling rate chosen.

Phasemeter output waveform resolution

Published December 22nd, 2020 by Paul Cracknell

The Moku:Lab Phasemeter instrument can generate an output waveform. This waveform is generated by a NCO ('numerically controlled oscillator') with an internal Moku:Lab reference of 10 MHz. Over a long period, it is possible to observe a steady slow phase drift when comparing this output waveform with another signal. The precision of this output wave

Can I use cursors in the Windows App?

Published December 22nd, 2020 by Paul Cracknell

Yes! Cursors are great tools for taking accurate measurements in Moku instruments. Adding cursors There are three ways to add cursors to the active trace. First, click a trace you wish to add a cursor to to make it active, then: Right click to select a cursor option Click or drag out from the cursor button in the bottom-left Use the keyboard shortcu

Python: Lock-In Amplifier (plotting)

Published December 22nd, 2020 by Paul Cracknell

Example Python script to implement the Oscilloscope # # Moku example: Plotting Lock-in Amplifier # # This example demonstrates how you can configure the Lock-in Amplifier # instrument to demodulate an input signal from Input 1 with the reference # signal from the Local Oscillator to extract the X component and generate # a sine wave on the auxiliary

How do I find my Moku's IP address?

Published December 22nd, 2020 by Paul Cracknell

There are multiple ways to determine the IP address of your Moku depending on the software interface you use. The recommended methods are through the iPad App, the Windows App, and using the Moku CLI command line utility. iPad App Tap and hold your Moku in the Select your device menu; a window will open to show the Moku's IP address, along with fir

MATLAB: IIR Filter Box

Published December 22nd, 2020 by Paul Cracknell

Example MATLAB script to implement the IIR Filter Box (basic). %% Basic IIR Filter Box % % This example demonstrates how you can generate Chebyshev filter % coefficients to configure the IIR Filter Box. It also shows how to % retrieve signal monitor data. % % NOTE: This example requires installation of the MATLAB Signal Processing % Toolbox to gener

How can I import a .CSV file from Moku:Lab’s Data Logger into MATLAB?

Published December 22nd, 2020 by Paul Cracknell

If you only need the data, simply type “load yourfile.csv” at the MATLAB command prompt. CSV files generated by Moku:Lab’s Data Logger also contain a text header with information about when the data was recorded, the instrument settings, and what each column in the data represents. If you want to import this metadata as well, use the command “moku =

How to install the Moku:Lab iPad App

Published December 22nd, 2020 by Paul Cracknell

Installing the iPad Moku:Lab app Open the App Store on your iPad. Search for the Moku:Lab application and verify that the publisher is Liquid Instruments. Download and Install Moku:Lab on your iPad.

Moku warranty

Published October 27th, 2021 by Paul Cracknell

Moku:Pro, Moku:Lab, and Moku:Go come with a one year limited warranty. Liquid Instruments warrants that for a period of 12 months from supply these products: will materially comply with the relevant documentation we publish will meet the relevant minimum performance criteria we publish are free from defects in materials and workmanship. This warrant

Moku:Lab is hot

Published April 7th, 2021 by Paul Cracknell

Moku:Lab can consume 20W and has both passive (heatsink) and active (fan) cooling. During use, ensure that the rear fan outlet, located immediately above the SDcard slot, is free of obstructions. Moku:Lab's metal casing also serves to cool the electronics and will get hot during use, up to 45C (25C above ambient of 20C). This is entirely normal

Premium service package

Published October 27th, 2021 by Paul Cracknell

The Premium Service Package provides premium support for covered Moku hardware for one year and can be renewed annually. Premium service includes: Technical Support: Access to Application Engineers for support via email and phone, with expedited turnaround time for responses (1 business day). Advanced Replacement: If a repair is required we will pro

Python: Phasemeter (streaming)

Published December 22nd, 2020 by Paul Cracknell

Example Python script to implement the Phasemeter (streaming). # Moku example: Phasemeter networking streaming # # This example starts a 10-second network stream of Channel 1 Phasemeter data # and processes it live. The contents of each data sample are printed out, # along with the signal amplitude which may be calculated as A = sqrt(I^2 + Q^2). # #

What if Moku:Lab fails to start?

Published December 22nd, 2020 by Paul Cracknell

Moku:Lab does not turn on; factory or hard reset If Moku:Lab fails to start or boot correctly, it will show a steady orange LED on the power switch for more than 2 minutes after power up. If this is so, you will need to perform a Hard Reset as explained here.

Python Waveform Generator : burst mode

Published March 2nd, 2021 by Paul Cracknell

The Python script below to setups the Waveform Generator in burst (or N-cycle) mode. It generates 20 cycles of a 10 MHz sine wave, 2 Vpp; repeating every 200 us. # # Moku example: Waveform Generator n-cycle burst mode # # This example demonstrates how you can configure the waveform generator # instrument to generate signals in burst mode for a s

Synchronize the phase of Waveform generator channels

Published June 8th, 2023 by Paul Cracknell

The Waveform generator channels can be phase synchronized by selecting the toolbox icon → “Sync phase”. This applies to the Moku:Go, Moku:Lab and Moku:Pro, both in the Waveform Generator, Arbitrary Waveform Generator instrument and the waveform generator built-in to the Oscilloscope instrument.

Probe selection for Moku:Pro

Published August 16th, 2024 by Paul Cracknell

The P500 is a 10:1 passive voltage probe with 500 MHz bandwidth, designed specifically for use with Moku:Pro. The P500 is available on the Liquid Instrument web store. P500 probe datasheet See also Probe selection for Moku:Lab and Probes for Moku:Go

Where can I find the documentation for MATLAB APIs?

Published December 22nd, 2020 by Paul Cracknell

Once Moku APIs are installed, you can access the documentation by typing 'help moku' in the command window. More comprehensive documentation, including getting started guides and detailed instrument references, are available on the Liquid Instruments API page.

Can you add more channels?

Published December 22nd, 2020 by Paul Cracknell

Sometimes your data acquisition and control system just needs more input or output channels. If you need more inputs or outputs, it is easy to synchronize multiple Moku:Labs or Moku:Pros via their 10MHz reference clocks. With this, they will share a common frequency reference so can generate frequency-locked waveforms and make coherent phase measure

iPad OS 14 privacy setting requirement

Published December 22nd, 2020 by Paul Cracknell

With iPad OS 14 or later you will need to grant permission to Moku app to access the iPad's local network, in order to discover Moku devices connected to your network. In case the Moku app does not have network access access, you can change this in Settings -> Privacy & Security -> Local Network -> Toggle On for Moku:

Can the Arbitrary Waveform Generator be triggered?

Published December 22nd, 2020 by Paul Cracknell

Using the trigger on the AWG Moku's Arbitrary Waveform Generator can be configured to trigger the generation of the output waveform. Set the modulation type to "Burst", then it is possible to configure the trigger source. Analog inputs or the external trigger on the rear of Moku:Lab and Moku:Pro can be selected as the trigger source. The trigger mod

What operating systems does Moku support ?

Published December 22nd, 2020 by Paul Cracknell

There are Moku apps for iPad OS, Windows, macOS and Apple Vision Pro. You can download the latest Windows and macOS clients here. You can also interact with Moku using our Python, LabVIEW or MATLAB APIs. Full API documentation is here

Moku Oscilloscope probe compensation

Published December 22nd, 2020 by Paul Cracknell

Moku Oscilloscope can be used to compensate a probe to ensure both accurate measurements of voltage and frequency and also precise waveform representation. The Moku Oscilloscope has an integrated waveform generator; the video shows the waveform generator being set to 1 kHz, 2 Vpp. The under-compensated signal is then adjusted to slightly over compen

October 2023 Moku updates

Published November 3rd, 2023 by Paul Cracknell

In October 2023 we updated the MATLAB API to version 3.3.1 There are a few steps to update your Moku, the Moku: app and then the MATLAB API Download and install the Moku: app v3.1 : https://www.liquidinstruments.com/products/desktop-apps/ Launch the Moku: app and connect to your Moku; if needed, it will prompt a firmware update to version 587 Downl

MATLAB: Data Logger (streaming)

Published December 22nd, 2020 by Paul Cracknell

Example MATLAB script to implement the Data Logger (streaming) Please note that Moku streaming functionality requires the installation of mokucli. For more MATLAB examples, please refer to this link. %% Livestream Datalogger Example % % This example demonstrates how you can use the Datalogger to live-stream % dual-channel voltage data over the netwo

MATLAB: Arbitrary Waveform Generator

Published December 22nd, 2020 by Paul Cracknell

Example MATLAB script to implement the Arbitrary Waveform Generator %% Arbitrary Waveform Generator Example % % This example demonstrates how you can configure the Arbitrary Waveform % Generator instrument to generate two signals. % % (c) 2021 Liquid Instruments Pty. Ltd. % % %% Prepare the waveforms % Prepare the square waveform to be generated t =

MATLAB: Frequency Response Analyzer (plotting)

Published December 22nd, 2020 by Paul Cracknell

Example MATLAB script to implement a plotting Frequency Response Analyzer %% Plotting Frequency Response Analyzer Example % % This example demonstrates how you can generate output sweeps using the % Frequency Response Analyzer instrument, and view transfer function data % in real-time. % % (c) 2021 Liquid Instruments Pty. Ltd. % %% Define sweep pa

How much can you control with the APIs?

Published December 22nd, 2020 by Paul Cracknell

Moku APIs The Moku APIs are available on all Moku devices for Python, MATLAB and LabVIEW. These APIs provide complete control over all operations of all the Moku instrument. The APIs can also configure Multi-Instrument-Mode and deploy custom functionality designed with Moku Cloud Compile. API documentation is available at apis.liquidinstruments.com

MATLAB: Laser Lock Box (basic)

Published December 22nd, 2020 by Paul Cracknell

Example MATLAB script to implement the Laser Lock Box (basic) %% Basic Laser Lock Box Example % % This example demonstrates how you can configure the Laser Lock Box % Instrument. % % (c) 2022 Liquid Instruments Pty. Ltd. % %% Connect to your Moku % Connect to your Moku by its IP address and deploy the Laser Lock Box % instrument. i = MokuLaserLo

What is the input to output latency for Laser Lock Box

Published December 22nd, 2020 by Paul Cracknell

The input-to-output latency depends on the low-pass filter bandwidth and the PID controller settings. The shortest latency is achieved by setting the low-pass filter to its highest cutoff frequency and using a faster controller. The table at the end provides reference points for input-to-output latency. The delay can be verified using the Moku Frequ

Python: Phasemeter (plotting)

Published December 22nd, 2020 by Paul Cracknell

Example Python script to implement the Phasemeter (plotting) For more Python examples, please refer to this link. # # Moku example: Plotting Phasemeter # # This example demonstrates how you can configure the Phasemeter instrument # and collect live samples from it's output. # The signal amplitude is calculated using these samples, and plotted for #

Latency of external trigger

Published February 13th, 2023 by Paul Cracknell

Moku:Lab and Moku:Pro have an external trigger port, located on the rear panel. This can be used to trigger Moku Waveform Generator. The latency from external trigger event to output waveform is : External trigger to output waveform latency Moku:Pro 340 ns Moku:Lab 400 ns

MATLAB: Spectrum Analyzer (plotting)

Published December 22nd, 2020 by Paul Cracknell

Example MATLAB script to implement the Spectrum Analyzer (plotting) %% Basic Spectrum Analyzer Example % % This example demonstrates how you can configure the Spectrum Analyzer % instrument to retrieve a single spectrum data frame over a set frequency % span. % % (c) 2021 Liquid Instruments Pty. Ltd. % %% Connect to the Moku % Connect to your Moku b

How much does Moku cost?

Published December 22nd, 2020 by Paul Cracknell

Moku pricing and instrument upgrade costs are clearly explained on our web store. You may purchase online or request a quotation. Additionally, for Moku:Lab and Moku:Pro, you can select a premium service package and ISO / IEC 17025 NIST traceable calibration.

API connection already exists

Published November 28th, 2023 by Paul Cracknell

When using MATLAB or Python APIs, the script should ideally release the connection to the Moku once it finishes. This is done with : i.relinquish_ownership() Sometimes the connection is not released. It is possible to force the new API connection with : force_connect=True For example : i = LockInAmp(' 192.168.xxx.xxx ', force_connect=True)

Moku Lock-in Amplifier External Trigger

Published December 22nd, 2020 by Paul Cracknell

Moku Lock-in Amplifier has a built-in oscilloscope that has flexible probe points to observe signals at various points in lock-in processing chain. Either probe A or probe B may be used as a source of a trigger for the oscilloscope. However, the internal oscilloscope can't be triggered by signal from external trigger port. On the other hand, demodul

Python: Oscilloscope (plotting)

Published December 22nd, 2020 by Paul Cracknell

Example Python script to implement the Oscilloscope (plotting) # # Moku example: Plotting Oscilloscope # # This example demonstrates how you can configure the Oscilloscope instrument, # and view triggered time-voltage data frames in real-time. # # (c) 2023 Liquid Instruments Pty. Ltd. # import matplotlib.pyplot as plt from moku.instruments import Os

How to connect to Moku:Lab via USB and iPad

Published December 22nd, 2020 by Paul Cracknell

A step-by-step guide for setting up Moku:Lab with USB connection to an iPad There are some situations, for example in a restricted lab environment or for radio interference reasons, where you may wish to use Moku:Lab with neither Wi-Fi nor ethernet. The Moku:Lab can connect to the iPad app via a USB cable; no ethernet or wifi is needed. This is acco

Probes for Moku:Go

Published August 16th, 2024 by Paul Cracknell

Moku:Go is supplied with 2x 1:1/1:10 switchable, passive voltage probes matched to the specification of Moku:Go. See also Probe selection for Moku:Lab and Probes for Moku:Pro

If Moku only has two output channels, how is it possible to generate feedback control signals as well as the modulation tone and scanning waveform in Laser Lock Box?

Published December 22nd, 2020 by Paul Cracknell

The low-bandwidth control signal on output channel 2 can be separated electronically from the high-frequency modulation tone using an external bias-tee (not included with Moku). An appropriate bias-tee can be purchased from Mini-Circuits. The Moku Laser Lock Box can be configured as following: And the components should be connected as this diagram:

Cryptic error message after update

Published October 23rd, 2024 by Paul Cracknell

Python APIs after firmware update After updating Moku firmware, it is usually necessary to also update the Python API. For example in Python an error message such as : ValueError: invalid literal for int() with base 10: '600.0' indicates the need to update the Python API with : pip install --upgrade moku and then in order to update the instrument bi

Can I load my own IIR filter coefficients?

Published December 22nd, 2020 by Paul Cracknell

Yes! Moku’s Digital Filter Box implements infinite impulse response (IIR) filters using 4 cascaded Direct Form I second-order stages with a final output gain stage. The total transfer function can be written as: To specify a filter, you must supply a text file containing the filter coefficients. The file should have 6 coefficients per line, with ea

Getting started with Moku library in Python

Published December 22nd, 2020 by Paul Cracknell

How do I install the Moku library and use Python with my Moku device? Install the Moku package via Python pip. Detailed instructions can be foundin the Getting Started with Python module in the Moku API. Getting Started with Python | Moku API

Spectrum Analyzer units of measure

Published February 26th, 2021 by Paul Cracknell

The Moku Spectrum Analyzer can display the spectrum amplitude in various units (dBm, Vrms, Vpp, and dBV). Additionally, you can select corresponding power spectral density (PSD) units (dBm/Hz, Vrms/√ Hz, Vpp/√Hz, and dBV/√ Hz). It is worth noting that the Resolution Bandwidth (RBW) setting only affects the measurement in PSD units. Below is an ex

Python: Laser Lock Box

Published December 22nd, 2020 by Paul Cracknell

Example Python script to implement the Laser Lock Box For more Python examples, please refer to this link. # # Moku example: Basic Laser Lock Box # # This example demonstrates how you can configure the Laser Lock Box # Instrument and monitor the signals at Input 1 and Input 2. # # (c) 2023 Liquid Instruments Pty. Ltd. # from moku.instruments import

What do all the ports do on the Moku:Lab?

Published December 22nd, 2020 by Paul Cracknell

Moku:Lab; front and rear panel; ports and interfaces Moku:Lab front side layout: From left to right: Two analog inputs (BNC): signal input channels Power button / status LED: powers on or off the Moku:Lab, indicating the status of the Moku:Lab (for more information, check out how to turn on the Moku:Lab here and find out more on the status LED here)

How do I turn on my Moku?

Published December 22nd, 2020 by Paul Cracknell

Moku:Go First, connect the magnetic power adapter from an outlet to the side of Moku:Go. A grounded power source is required for using Moku:Go, it cannot be used with only USB-C power. Moku:Go will power on automatically once the power adapter is connected and an orange LED should turn on in the front of the device. After a few minutes, this LED wil

How are the IIR filters implemented?

Published December 22nd, 2020 by Paul Cracknell

Moku:Lab's Digital Filter Box implements infinite impulse response (IIR) filters using four cascaded Direct Form I second-order stages with a final output gain stage. You can load custom coefficients in to the Moku Digital Filter Box that match this format. To specify a filter, you must supply a text file containing the filter coefficients. The file

What is the "roll" timebase setting?

Published December 22nd, 2020 by Paul Cracknell

The "roll" setting on the timebase control panel is especially useful for slow-changing signals, typically with a timebase of greater than approximately 100 ms/div. Rather than responding to trigger events, the oscilloscope will provide a continuously scrolling signal display with the effective trigger point set at the far right of the trace display

For how long can the Data Logger record ?

Published December 22nd, 2020 by Paul Cracknell

The Moku Data Logger has a maximum logging time of 10,000 hrs; although in practice this may be limited by the available memory. Moku:Lab stores data logs to an SD card. Most SD cards use the FAT32 file system, which is limited to a maximum file size of 4 GB. Moku:Pro stores data logs to the internal 240 GB SSD. Moku:Go stores data logs to interna

What reference does the Phasemeter measure against?

Published December 22nd, 2020 by Paul Cracknell

The Moku Phasemeter measures the phase of the input signal with reference to the phasemeter's Local Oscillator, derived from the on-board clock source. The frequency of the local oscillator is set by the 'Frequency' option under the 'Channels' pane. Moku uses very stable on-board reference clocks by default, however you can also synchronize Moku wit

Laser Lock Box : When and how should I use the slow PID controller?

Published December 22nd, 2020 by Paul Cracknell

When stabilizing lasers, it is common to need to provide feedback control loops to multiple actuators. A common situation involves one fast actuator with limited range (e.g. current or piezo); and one slow actuator with a much larger range (e.g. temperature). The slow PID controller acts on the fast PID controller’s output, keeping it centered aroun

Moku app language selection

Published June 26th, 2023 by Paul Cracknell

The Moku app can be operated in Chinese, English, German, Japanese and Korean

How do I ensure that I have the latest instrument versions on my Moku?

Published December 22nd, 2020 by Paul Cracknell

Keep your Moku instruments up to date Liquid Instruments regularly updates and improves our instruments with new version releases. Updating the instruments is as simple as updating the iPad or Desktop app. If using the iPad, simply update your Moku: app from the App Store. Next time you connect to your Moku, the app will ensure that the Moku is up t

What is the main difference between the Moku Oscilloscope and the Data Logger instruments?

Published December 22nd, 2020 by Paul Cracknell

Moku's Oscilloscope is primarily used to capture snapshots of fast signals and transient waveforms. The instrument captures and displays a segment of the data once it's triggered. You can capture very fast features, but the data traces between snapshots are not continuous. The maximum sampling rate for Moku:Go's Oscilloscope is 125 MSa/s, Moku:Lab's

Returns

Published October 27th, 2021 by Paul Cracknell

We want you to be satisfied with your purchase. For equipment purchased directly from Liquid Instruments, you may return your undamaged Moku:Pro, Moku:Lab, or Moku:Go within 30-days of purchase for any reason. Equipment must be returned with original packaging and accessories or you may be charged a restocking fee. To initiate a return, please email

Can you generate a chirp with Moku:Lab's waveform generator?

Published December 22nd, 2020 by Paul Cracknell

Frequency chirp with Waveform Generator Moku's Waveform Generator can generate a chirp signal from 1 ms to 1 ks with the sweep modulation function. And the chirp can be triggered by an input signal. If a shorter duration is desired, you can prepare a chirp waveform in the .CSV or .MAT file format, upload it to Moku's Arbitrary Waveform Generator an

External reference clock

Published February 4th, 2022 by Paul Cracknell

Moku:Pro and Moku:Lab have the ability to supply an external 10 MHz reference clock to other test and measurement devices. It also has an external reference clock input, which allows Moku:Pro or Moku:Lab to lock to an external 10 MHz reference provided by another Moku or other test and measurement equipment. The reference clock input and output are

Can the PID controller be configured by Ki, Kp, and Kd?

Published July 13th, 2021 by Paul Cracknell

The individual gains (Ki, Kp and Kd) can be configured in the advanced mode of the Moku PID controller. The advanced mode is accessed by tapping the 'advanced mode' button, located in the bottom right corner of the PID controller configuration. In the advanced mode, each of two PID sections can be individually configured by specifying the Integral,

Python: FIR Filter Builder (plotting)

Published December 22nd, 2020 by Paul Cracknell

Example Python script to implement the FIR Filter Builder (plotting) For more Python examples, please refer to this link. # # Moku example: FIR Filter Builder Plotting Example # # This script demonstrates how to generate an FIR filter kernel with specified # parameters using the scipy library, and how to configure settings of the FIR # instrument. #

What is the maximum rate at which I can save data, and how many points can I save?

Published December 22nd, 2020 by Paul Cracknell

The sample rate of the built-in Oscilloscope is dynamically adjusted by the horizontal zoom of the display, and the maximum memory depth can be seen in Table 1. Table 1. Deep memory mode in Moku Oscilloscopes memory depth Moku:Go Moku:Lab Moku:Pro Setting No.1 Sampling rate & time span 125 MSa/s (≤ 25 ms) 500 MSa/s (≤ 6.2 ms) 1.25 GSa/s (≤ 10 ms

How to turn on your Moku's WiFi access point

Published December 22nd, 2020 by Paul Cracknell

Configuring the Moku WiFi access point Moku devices are equipped with an onboard WiFi access point, which means it can generate its own WiFi network. Your Moku should have its access point turned on when you power it on for the first time. In case you have turned off the access point, you can reconfigure to power it on again in the Moku App. iPad ap

WiFi is not permitted in our lab. How can I use Moku?

Published December 22nd, 2020 by Paul Cracknell

Connecting without WiFi Your Moku can be connected to an iPad or computer without WiFi: Wired ethernet USB, see Moku:Lab via USB and Windows or Using Moku via USB and iPad How to disable WiFi By default, Moku will advertise its own WiFi network and it can also connect to other WiFi networks. In order to disable both these functions, you can put your

Can I disable firmware updates?

Published December 22nd, 2020 by Paul Cracknell

How to disable automatic firmware update on Moku: iPad app Liquid Instruments continues to improve Moku and add new features. We regularly update both the iPad app and Windows app; both apps automatically check for updates. The update history is here : Update log The apps contain the Moku firmware and some updates will need a new version of firmware

MATLAB: Oscilloscope

Published December 22nd, 2020 by Paul Cracknell

Example MATLAB script to implement the Oscilloscope (basic) For more MATLAB examples, please refer to this link. %% Oscilloscope Example % % This example demonstrates how you can configure the Oscilloscope instrument % to retrieve a single frame of dual-channel voltage data. % % (c) 2021 Liquid Instruments Pty. Ltd. % %% Connect to your Moku % Con

Can the Lock-in Amplifier demodulate using an external source?

Published December 22nd, 2020 by Paul Cracknell

Yes, Moku's Lock-in Amplifier supports direct demodulation with an external source, demodulation with a PLL (phase-locked loop) locked to an external source, and the ability to modulate and demodulate at harmonics. To change the demodulation signal source, tap the Configuration icon on the top right corner and select from "Demodulation source" menu.

Can I change the color of the traces?

Published December 22nd, 2020 by Paul Cracknell

Yes, you can! To change the color of each trace, tap the menu icon ->"Preferences" -> tap on the color that you wish to change and select from the available colors. In this way you can improve visibility for those with a color vision deficiency, or just match your existing instrumentation.

Waveform Generator and Frequency Modulation

Published December 22nd, 2020 by Paul Cracknell

Moku Waveform Generator and Frequency Modulation Moku's Waveform Generator instrument is a flexible function generator capable of six different forms of modulation: Amplitude Modulation (AM) Frequency Modulation (FM) Phase Modulation (PM) Pulse-Width Modulation (PWM) Burst Sweep Your browser does not support HTML5 video. Here we demonstrate frequenc

Can you do frequency domain analysis in the lock-in amplifier?

Published December 22nd, 2020 by Paul Cracknell

Yes. The built-in oscilloscope can perform FFT at every probe point. The FFT feature can be accessed via the Math function. However, the resolution bandwidth (RBW) is proportional to the sampling rate because the embedded FFT lacks a superheterodyne structure. If a higher spectral resolution is required, we recommend switching to the Spectrum Analyz

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